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Diagnostic Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis.
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
|April 2, 2026
Summary
Novel MRI biomarkers like cortical lesions and the central vein sign aid in early and accurate multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis. These advanced imaging techniques improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, helping to prevent misdiagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Radiology
- Neurology
Background:
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS).
- Recent MS diagnostic criteria revisions (2017, 2024) incorporate novel MRI biomarkers.
- These include cortical lesions, the central vein sign, and paramagnetic rim lesions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the application of novel and emerging neuroimaging biomarkers in clinical practice for MS diagnosis.
- To highlight the utility of specific MRI measures in challenging diagnostic scenarios.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing advanced MRI sequences to detect cortical lesions.
- Employing susceptibility-based sequences for visualizing the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions.
- Integration of these biomarkers into the diagnostic framework for MS.
Main Results:
- Cortical lesions and juxtacortical lesions fulfill dissemination in space criteria.
- The central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions are visualized with susceptibility-based sequences.
- These novel MRI biomarkers demonstrate high specificity for MS and enhance diagnostic sensitivity.
Conclusions:
- Novel MRI biomarkers, including cortical lesions, central vein sign, and paramagnetic rim lesions, facilitate early MS diagnosis.
- These biomarkers are particularly useful in cases with typical symptoms but unmet dissemination criteria or atypical presentations.
- Their high specificity and sensitivity help prevent misdiagnosis and enable timely intervention in MS patients.
