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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.

Georgina Arrambide, Christine Lebrun-Frénay

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)

|April 2, 2026

Summary

The 2024 McDonald criteria simplify multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis with new pathways and biomarkers. These updated guidelines aim for broader applicability across diverse patient presentations and age groups.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Diagnostic Criteria

Background:

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) relies on clinical evidence and paraclinical findings.
Previous diagnostic criteria have been refined to improve accuracy and inclusivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the features and application of the 2024 McDonald criteria for MS diagnosis.
To highlight the advancements and new diagnostic pathways introduced in the updated criteria.

Main Methods:

Incorporation of new fluid and MRI biomarkers, including kappa free light chain index, central vein sign, and paramagnetic rim lesions.
Expansion of anatomic regions for dissemination in space to include the optic nerve.
Integration of evidence from MRI, optical coherence tomography, and visual evoked potentials for optic nerve lesions.

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Main Results:

The 2024 criteria offer multiple new diagnostic pathways, enhancing inclusivity for various presentations and age ranges.
Objective evidence of central nervous system involvement by imaging is strongly recommended alongside clinical findings.
Biomarkers and expanded anatomic regions improve the specificity and sensitivity of MS diagnosis.

Conclusions:

The revised 2024 McDonald criteria facilitate earlier and more accurate MS diagnosis across diverse patient populations.
While emphasizing imaging and biomarkers, the criteria allow for pragmatic clinical approaches when paraclinical tools are unavailable.
Clinician expertise remains crucial for interpreting findings and avoiding misdiagnosis, especially in atypical cases.