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Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Dynamic interfaces in metal-organic frameworks.

Yuanjie Cao¹, Reza Abazari², Qipeng Li³

¹Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China. jinjieqian@wzu.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews

|April 2, 2026

Summary

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit dynamic interfacial behavior, crucial for their adaptability. Understanding these dynamic interfaces, from secondary building units to ligands and frameworks, enables rational design for diverse applications.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are traditionally viewed as static porous materials.
Their structural adaptability and functional responsiveness are intrinsically linked to interfacial dynamics.
Existing classifications often overlook the fundamental role of dynamic interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the dynamic characteristics and regulation mechanisms of MOF interfaces.
To introduce the 'dynamic interface' paradigm for a more fundamental understanding of MOF behavior.
To link macroscopic MOF responses to specific interfacial bond-breaking/reforming events for rational design.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of literature on MOF interfacial dynamics.
Classification of dynamics based on three interface types: secondary building unit (SBU), organic ligand, and extended framework.
Analysis of bond-breaking/reforming events and their influence on MOF properties under external stimuli.

Main Results:

Detailed characterization of dynamic phenomena at SBU interfaces (e.g., metal node oscillations, OMS formation).
Description of dynamic behaviors at ligand interfaces (e.g., conformational changes, OLS generation, epitaxial coordination).
Explanation of framework-level dynamics including crystal growth, defect engineering, and MOF-on-MOF heterostructure formation.

Conclusions:

The 'dynamic interface' paradigm offers fundamental insights into MOF behavior, moving beyond static perceptions.
Understanding and programming interface parameters enable quantitative control and rational design of MOFs.
Dynamic MOF interfaces are central determinants of functionality, with broad applications in adsorption, separation, catalysis, and sensing.