Longitudinal profiles of executive functioning from infancy to 5 years of age-A FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Anniina Karonen1,2,3,4, Pauliina Juntunen1,2,3, Akie Yada2,5,6,7
1FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Abstract:
Methodological challenges diminish the number and reliability of longitudinal studies on executive functions (EFs) starting in infancy. To address this, the current study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine EF task performance across three age points: 8 months, 2.5 years, and 5 years. Participants were children (N = 830; 55.5% boys; > 95% White) from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Three profiles were identified: constant below average EF profile (14.2%), and two average EF profiles differentiated by Spin the Pots performance (working memory) at 5 years (above average 29.8%, below average 56%). Expected associations between the below average EF profile, male sex, and lower general cognitive performance were found, further supporting the validity of the profiles.
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