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A surface morphology-based inference method for the cell wall elasticity profile in tip-growing cells.

Rholee Xu1, Luis Vidali1,2, Min Wu1,3

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This study introduces a new method to measure plant cell wall elasticity in tip-growing cells. The technique uses surface morphology to map elasticity, aiding understanding of plant growth and adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Plant development relies on cell morphology and growth, influenced by turgor pressure and cell wall extension.
  • Tip-growing cells have well-studied vesicle and cytoskeleton localization, but cell wall elasticity spatial profiles remain under-explored.
  • Existing methods for cell wall elasticity measurement are limited in tracking experimental elastic deformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel surface morphology-based method for measuring cell wall elasticity in tip-growing cells.
  • To infer the bulk modulus distribution from cell surface triangulation using fluorescently labeled markers.
  • To assess the robustness and requirements of the new method using simulated and experimental data from *Physcomitrium patens*.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new method to infer bulk modulus distribution from cell surface triangulation of experimental marker points.
  • Utilized fluorescent labeling to track marker points on the cell surface.
  • Validated the method by simulating experimental noise and *P. patens* morphology, and by analyzing elasticity distributions from sampled cells.

Main Results:

  • A larger triangulation improved method robustness against experimental noise, consistent with theoretical predictions.
  • Sufficient recovery of elasticity distribution was achieved with 10 sampled cells, provided elastic stretches were sufficiently high.
  • A dimensionless map of inference error verified a spatial change in *P. patens* bulk modulus within two-fold.

Conclusions:

  • The new surface morphology-based method enables comprehensive measurements of cell wall elasticity in tip-growing cells.
  • This technique provides a key advancement for understanding tip cell growth and morphogenesis.
  • The findings offer a foundation for future studies on mechanical properties governing plant cell development.