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Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

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Al-Doping Enables Low-Cost Preparation of High-Performance Na₂FePO₄F/C Using Commercial FePO₄.

Wenxin Xia^1,2,3, Huan Ye^1,2,3, Guoxing Ren^1,2,3

¹Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|April 2, 2026

Summary

Aluminum doping enhances sodium-ion battery performance by improving the cost-effectiveness of sodium iron phosphate fluoride (NFPF) cathode materials. This low-cost method boosts rate capability and cycling stability for commercialization.

Keywords:

Al-doping FePO4 Na2FePO4F/C Sodium-ion batteries Sol−gel method

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Sodium iron phosphate fluoride (NFPF) is a key cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.
Current NFPF materials face a cost-performance trade-off, hindering commercialization.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a low-cost, high-performance NFPF cathode material using an aluminum (Al) doping strategy.
To investigate the impact of Al content on NFPF's structure, kinetics, and electrochemical properties.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of Al-doped NFPF using commercial FePO4 without premodification.
Characterization using X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement.
Electrochemical testing including rate capability, cycling stability, GITT, CV, and EIS.

Main Results:

Al-doped NFPF (NFPF-Al0.02) demonstrated superior rate capability and cycling stability compared to undoped NFPF.
NFPF-Al0.02 achieved 84.6% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5.0 C.
Al doping significantly increased the sodium-ion diffusion coefficient.

Conclusions:

Al doping is an effective strategy to enhance NFPF cathode performance at a low cost.
This method promotes the commercialization of NFPF-based sodium-ion batteries.