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Related Concept Videos

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

5.7K
Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

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Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

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The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
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Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
12.5K
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

4.1K
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay

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Profiling Ten RHO GTPases in Myeloid Malignancies Reveals Distinct Expression Patterns and Prognostic Associations.

Beatriz de Almeida Rodrigues1, Luciana Bueno de Paiva2, Maria Carolina Clares Ramalho1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.

Cancer Medicine
|April 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

RHO GTPases are altered in myeloid cancers like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS). Elevated RHOBTB2 expression in AML patients indicates poorer survival, suggesting it as a potential prognostic marker.

Keywords:
RHO GTPasesRHOBTB2acute myeloid leukemiamyelodysplastic neoplasms

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RhoC GTPase Activation Assay
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The RHO GTPase family is crucial for cytoskeleton regulation, impacting cell proliferation and migration.
  • While RHO GTPase dysregulation is known in solid tumors, their role in hematologic malignancies remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression patterns of ten RHO GTPase genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS).
  • To analyze the prognostic significance of RHO GTPase gene expression in AML using TCGA data.

Main Methods:

  • Expression analysis of ten RHO GTPase genes in bone marrow samples from AML and MDS patients.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) AML data for prognostic associations.

Main Results:

  • RHOBTB2, RND2, and RHOQ showed differential expression compared to healthy controls.
  • RHOBTB2 was significantly elevated in both MDS and AML.
  • Increased RHOBTB2 expression correlated with inferior overall and disease-free survival in AML, including intermediate-risk cases.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct RHO GTPase dysregulation patterns exist in myeloid malignancies.
  • RHOBTB2 is identified as a potential prognostic marker and may play an oncogenic role in AML.
  • Further research into RHO GTPase function in leukemogenesis and their biomarker utility in hematologic cancers is warranted.