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Updated: Apr 4, 2026
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Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
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Homogenizing interfacial assembly via indole-mediated binary monolayers for perovskite solar cells
Haojiang Shen1, Yeming Jin1, Fuqiang Li1
1State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Synthesis and Conversion, School of Energy Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Quantum Energy, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.
Nature Communications
|April 2, 2026
Summary
This study introduces an indole-carbazole co-adsorption strategy for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This method enhances interfacial homogeneity, leading to highly efficient and stable PSC devices.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are crucial for hole-transport layers in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
- Molecular self-aggregation in SAMs can hinder interfacial uniformity and reduce device efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a co-adsorption strategy using indole-carbazole to create phase-homogeneous monolayers for improved PSC performance.
- To investigate the impact of synergistic interactions between N-indoleacetic acid (Nd) and (4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)phosphonic acid (Ph-4PACz) on interfacial properties.
Main Methods:
- Incorporation of N-indoleacetic acid (Nd) into (4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)phosphonic acid (Ph-4PACz) for co-adsorption.
- Utilizing π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding for uniform molecular arrangement.
- Fabrication and characterization of inverted perovskite solar cells.
Main Results:
- Achieved high power conversion efficiencies of 26.95% (small area) and 25.61% (1 cm²).
- Demonstrated excellent operational stability, retaining 93.36% efficiency after 1500h continuous illumination and 91.10% after 1200h at 85 °C.
- Optimized interfacial energy alignment, enhanced perovskite film uniformity, and suppressed non-radiative recombination.
Conclusions:
- The indole-carbazole co-adsorption strategy effectively creates phase-homogeneous monolayers, overcoming SAM limitations.
- This approach significantly boosts the efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells.
- The strategy is broadly applicable to carbazole-based SAMs and wide-bandgap PSCs, offering a general route to high-performance devices.
