Enhancing lung diseases recognition through CNN-RNN methodologies

Diagnostics of respiratory disorders greatly benefit from medical imaging, especially X-ray imaging, which offers important information about the anatomical anomalies of the lungs. As we delve deeper into the field of lung illness recognition, it becomes clear that utilizing multiscale Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) techniques has the potential to transform the detection of pneumonia and tuberculosis from X-ray images. In this paper, we will classify images through a process that requires only chest X-ray images. We have proposed a deep learning (DL)-based algorithm for lung disease detection, which we term the Convolutional Recurrent Network (C-RNet). In our research, we classify CXR images into four categories according to the publicly available dataset. Our proposed model can calculate the dependency and continuity properties of the intermediate layer output very precisely. At the same time, the features of these intermediate layers can be combined with the final fully-connected network for classification prediction, resulting in better classification accuracy. We have explored the potential of combining CNN and RNN with XAI to identify lung diseases from chest radiographs to improve diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional single-scale methods. Upon comparing our suggested model with the current models, we discovered that, with an accuracy of 93.73%, F1-score of 94.6%, total floating point operation per second (FLOPS) count of 637,222,592, total parameter count of 1,901,764 and model size of 7.25MB on the full dataset, our suggested model achieved the best accuracy of all the architectures we compared. Moreover, our suggested model, C-RNet, was observed to accurately categorize and detect the regions of disease through approaches such as Grad-CAM.