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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

45.5K
Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
45.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel
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Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel

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Surface Preparation and its Effect on Sticking.

Henrietta Tsosie1, James Thomas1, John Strong2

  • 1Drexel University Materials Science and Engineering Department, 3141 Chestnut St. LeBow 344, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Pharmaceutical Research
|April 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tablet punch surface preparation and aging significantly impact powder adhesion. Rapid surface changes within minutes alter sticking behavior, necessitating standardized methods for reproducible pharmaceutical compaction studies.

Keywords:
punch surface chemistrysolvent cleaningstickingwettabilityx-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Tablet compaction relies on punch-tool interactions.
  • Powder sticking to punches is a critical manufacturing issue.
  • Understanding surface evolution is key to controlling adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how punch surface preparation and aging affect powder adhesion.
  • Clarify the impact of S7 tool steel surface changes on sticking.
  • Establish a reproducible method for surface control in sticking studies.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled mechanical polishing and chemical cleaning of punch tips.
  • Atmospheric aging of prepared surfaces (10 min to 72 h).
  • Quantification of powder sticking using laser reflectivity and adhered mass measurement.
  • Surface analysis via contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Main Results:

  • Freshly cleaned punches showed high adhesion with mannitol and starch.
  • Starch adhesion decreased rapidly within minutes of aging.
  • Mannitol adhesion persisted longer, while acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and ibuprofen (IBU) showed moderate, decreasing adhesion.
  • Surface analysis revealed rapid formation of a carbonaceous/oxide layer, reducing polar surface energy and altering adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Punch surface chemistry changes rapidly under ambient conditions, significantly affecting powder sticking.
  • The time between punch cleaning and testing is critical and can alter adhesion outcomes.
  • Standardization of surface preparation and definition of the punch surface state are essential for reliable pharmaceutical compaction studies.