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Melt-Extruded Paclitaxel Nanocrystal-Loaded Sutures for Sustained Local Drug Delivery.

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Biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) sutures were developed with paclitaxel (PTX) nanocrystals for sustained drug delivery. These sutures demonstrate promising physicochemical and mechanical properties for local therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Biodegradable polymers like poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are crucial for medical implants.
  • Sustained local drug delivery can improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce systemic side effects.
  • Paclitaxel (PTX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent with applications in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer biodegradable PLGA sutures incorporating paclitaxel (PTX) nanocrystals.
  • To achieve sustained local release of PTX from these novel sutures.
  • To comprehensively analyze the physicochemical, mechanical, and drug release characteristics of the developed sutures.

Main Methods:

  • Paclitaxel (PTX) nanocrystals were prepared using wet media milling.
  • Nanocrystals were integrated into PLGA sutures via solvent-free melt extrusion and fiber drawing.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were employed for material characterization.
  • Tensile testing evaluated mechanical properties, and in vitro studies assessed fiber shrinkage and drug release.

Main Results:

  • Homogeneous dispersion of PTX nanocrystals within the PLGA matrix was confirmed by SEM.
  • WAXS indicated retained PTX crystallinity and induced crystal orientation post-fiber drawing.
  • Fiber drawing significantly enhanced tensile strength (78.70 MPa) due to PLGA chain alignment.
  • In vitro studies showed a biphasic PTX release profile over 63 days, with ~60% cumulative release.

Conclusions:

  • Melt-extruded, drug-loaded PLGA sutures represent a viable platform for sustained local drug delivery.
  • The developed sutures exhibit favorable properties for localized therapeutic applications.
  • Further research can optimize these sutures for specific clinical needs.