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Distance Measurements by Taping01:18

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Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
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Three-Dimensional Distance and Coverage Mapping of the First Ray in Hallux Valgus.

Sudheer C Reddy1, Khue Tran2, Xiaoxu Li2

  • 1Shady Grove Orthopaedics, Adventist Healthcare, Rockville, Maryland.

Foot & Ankle Specialist
|April 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Weightbearing CT (WBCT) reveals altered joint coverage in hallux valgus (HV) at the MTP joint, but not the TMT joint. This study clarifies HV joint mechanics, showing MTP subluxation without significant TMT instability changes.

Keywords:
bunionscomparative diagnostic studiesdiagnostic & therapeutic techniquesforefoot—toe—midfoothallux abducto valgus

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanical analysis
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • Weightbearing CT (WBCT) enables 3D distance and coverage mapping (DM and CM) for analyzing articular relationships in hallux valgus (HV).
  • Previous research indicates MTP and metatarsosesamoid subluxation in severe HV deformities.
  • The role of tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint instability in HV remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate DM and CM characteristics at the first TMT joint in HV patients compared to controls using WBCT.
  • To investigate potential TMT instability as a contributing factor to HV.

Main Methods:

  • WBCT scans of 29 feet (12 HV, 17 controls) were analyzed.
  • DM assessed shortest bone-to-bone distances (limit 4 mm).
  • CM evaluated joint surface contact (regions ≤5 mm considered covered). Sagittal TMT 1 angle measured TMT instability.

Main Results:

  • HV patients showed significantly altered MTP joint coverage: increased in dorsal lateral (+28.59%) and plantar lateral (+14.47%) quadrants; decreased in dorsal medial (-42.63%) and plantar medial (-46.69%) quadrants.
  • No significant differences in DM or CM were found at the TMT joint between HV and control groups.
  • The HV group exhibited a higher sagittal TMT 1 angle (1.36° vs 0.6°, P=.02), indicating increased TMT instability.

Conclusions:

  • Significant MTP joint coverage discrepancies in HV patients suggest MTP subluxation.
  • Despite increased sagittal TMT 1 angle in HV, DM and CM at the TMT joint did not differ significantly from controls.
  • TMT joint instability, as assessed by DM and CM, does not appear to be a primary driver of hallux valgus in this cohort.