Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

4.1K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
4.1K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

21.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
21.4K
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

7.1K
De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
7.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanisms and integrative machine learning approaches to blood-brain barrier biomarker profiling for personalized ischemic stroke management.

Physiological reports·2026
Same author

Junctophilin-2-orchestrated calcium signalosome regulates brown adipocyte thermogenesis and energy metabolism.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Myeloid cell renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertension and inflammation.

Current opinion in physiology·2026
Same author

Caregiver experiences of healthcare-related administrative burden: a scoping review.

Health affairs scholar·2026
Same author

3D EM uncovers mitochondrial network remodeling in residual triple negative breast cancer after conventional chemotherapy treatments.

iScience·2026
Same author

Annexin A6 Modulates the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Exosomes via Interaction with SNAP23 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Cells·2026
Same journal

A human-specific genetic modifier reconfigures large-scale cortical network dynamics underlying behavioral performance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> uses a eukaryotic-like uridyltransferase to make UDP-GlcNAc for cell wall synthesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic redistribution of eIF4F controls cap-dependent translation initiation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

When does additional information improve accuracy of RNA secondary structure prediction?

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Normative brain-state trajectories reveal deviation from healthy aging in Alzheimer's disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
10:10

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans

Published on: February 16, 2017

23.0K

ATF4 Coordinates Transcriptomic and Structural Adaptations in Aging Muscle.

Amber Crabtree1,2,3, Mohd Mabood Khan4, Estevao Scudese1

  • 1Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|April 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging causes muscle loss (sarcopenia). Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) coordinates cellular stress and structural changes, highlighting the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway as a therapeutic target for muscle function.

Keywords:
3D StructureATF4AgingMetabolismMitochondriaMuscleSkeletal

More Related Videos

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

13.4K
Author Spotlight: Investigating mRNA Spatial Distribution in Drosophila Muscle Tissue
10:22

Author Spotlight: Investigating mRNA Spatial Distribution in Drosophila Muscle Tissue

Published on: September 8, 2023

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
10:10

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans

Published on: February 16, 2017

23.0K
Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

13.4K
Author Spotlight: Investigating mRNA Spatial Distribution in Drosophila Muscle Tissue
10:22

Author Spotlight: Investigating mRNA Spatial Distribution in Drosophila Muscle Tissue

Published on: September 8, 2023

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Aging is linked to sarcopenia, a decline in skeletal muscle function.
  • The molecular drivers of age-related muscle decline, particularly stress responses and structural changes, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a key regulator of the integrated stress response (ISR), in aging muscle.
  • To explore the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and ISR activation in the context of sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of muscle function and structure in young versus older human adults.
  • Utilized aged mouse models to examine age-related muscle mass and mitochondrial morphology.
  • Employed ultrastructural analysis to assess mitochondrial changes in aging muscle.

Main Results:

  • Older adults and aged mice showed decreased aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and muscle mass.
  • Significant age-related alterations in mitochondrial morphology were observed, including reduced size, increased fragmentation, and decreased branching.
  • These mitochondrial changes correlate with impaired oxidative capacity and increased ISR activation.

Conclusions:

  • ATF4 plays a crucial role in coordinating transcriptomic and structural adaptations in aging skeletal muscle.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction appears to drive a cycle of ISR activation, contributing to sarcopenia.
  • The ISR pathway represents a potential therapeutic target for mitigating age-related muscle decline and preserving function.