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Reconfigurable spatial-mode generation and multiplexing on a scalable photonic chip.

Xingguo Xiao1, Yuxuan Chen1, Bishal Bhandari1

  • 1Center for Optics, Photonics, and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada.

Npj Nanophotonics
|April 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a reconfigurable spatial mode generator on a silicon photonic chip, enabling versatile manipulation of orbital angular momentum (OAM), linear polarized (LP), and cylindrical vector (CV) modes for advanced optical networks.

Keywords:
EngineeringOptics and photonics

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Integrated Optics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Spatial modes are crucial for optical networks, including spatial division multiplexing (SDM), sensing, and quantum information processing.
  • Current methods for spatial mode manipulation lack versatility and adaptability to different mode types.
  • Programmable photonic integrated circuits offer a promising platform for flexible and compact control over spatial modes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate a reconfigurable spatial mode generator using a programmable silicon photonic chip.
  • To leverage orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes for generating other spatial modes like linear polarized (LP) and cylindrical vector (CV) modes.
  • To provide a scalable solution for manipulating spatial modes across amplitude, phase, and polarization.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of a reconfigurable spatial mode generator on a silicon photonic chip.
  • Utilizing orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes as a basis for generating other spatial modes.
  • Experimental demonstration of mode generation and numerical analysis of performance.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of ten distinct orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes.
  • Experimental generation of eight distinct linear polarized (LP) modes.
  • Numerical analysis of experimental errors, with proposed methods to enhance modal purity and vector mode generation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed programmable silicon photonic chip enables versatile and scalable generation of various spatial modes.
  • The architecture offers a flexible approach to spatial mode manipulation, crucial for advancing SDM and other optical technologies.
  • Further enhancements in modal purity and vector mode generation are achievable through proposed methods.