Development of a bioconversion system for valorizing organic solid waste into feed protein and organic fertilizer

This study develops and evaluates a bioconversion system designed to enhance the growth of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae and convert organic solid waste into feed protein and organic fertilizer. Two systems, the modified clay jug and the biopond, were developed using solid waste collected from restaurants, residences, and marketplaces as substrates. One gram of BSF eggs was mixed with one kilogram of each type of waste, with an additional kilogram introduced weekly for three weeks. The measured parameters included larval biomass, waste reduction, conversion efficiency, proximate composition, and compost characteristics. The clay jug system utilizing restaurant solid waste generated larvae with the highest fresh and dry weights, optimal solid reduction rate, most effective waste conversion, and maximum survival rate. Proximate analysis revealed that larvae sourced from restaurant waste contained the highest concentrations of fat, caloric content from fat, and total energy, whereas larvae obtained from market waste showed increased levels of ash, protein, and carbohydrates. All compost produced complied with Indonesian National Standards. The integration of clay jug technology with restaurant waste demonstrated a novel, cost-effective, and highly efficient BSF bioconversion method, providing enhanced nutrient recovery and waste valorization compared to conventional systems.