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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

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PSMD2-Mediated MAPK Signaling Promotes Bladder Cancer Development and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling.

Shuwen Sun1,2,3,4, Jingcheng Zhang1,2,3, Zongtai Zheng5

  • 1Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.

Oncology Research
|April 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 2 (PSMD2) drives bladder cancer progression by altering the immune microenvironment via the MAPK pathway. High PSMD2 expression predicts poor prognosis and potential immunotherapy response.

Keywords:
Bladder cancer (BCa)C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14)immune infiltrationproteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 2 (PSMD2)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Bladder cancer (BCa) progression is influenced by the immune microenvironment.
  • Key molecular regulators and mechanisms within the BCa immune microenvironment are not fully understood.
  • Identifying novel therapeutic targets requires understanding these regulatory molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a key molecule regulating the BCa immune microenvironment.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which this molecule influences tumor progression.
  • To provide a theoretical basis for novel BCa therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas and hospital datasets to identify immune microenvironment-related genes in BCa.
  • Validated Proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 2 (PSMD2) expression using qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence.
  • Conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments, KEGG, GO, and pathomics analyses to assess PSMD2's role and impact on the immune microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • PSMD2 was identified as a critical factor in BCa, with high expression correlating with poor prognosis and tumor progression.
  • PSMD2 promotes malignancy by activating the MAPK signaling pathway (MEK/ERK phosphorylation).
  • PSMD2 downregulates CXCL14 via the MAPK pathway, remodeling the immune microenvironment and driving tumor progression. Pathomics analysis indicated PSMD2's potential as a predictive marker.

Conclusions:

  • PSMD2 is overexpressed in BCa, linked to poor prognosis and progression.
  • PSMD2 drives malignant development and immune microenvironment remodeling through the MAPK pathway.
  • Pathological analysis of PSMD2 expression may predict immunotherapy response and survival outcomes in BCa patients.