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Complications After Rectal Cancer Surgery: Do Female Patients Fare Better? A Retrospective, Matched Cohort Analysis
Alexander I Damanakis1,2,3, Georg Dieplinger1, Angela Ernst4,5
1Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Background:
Rectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the Western world. The path toward personalized treatments in medicine includes further determination of sex-associated differences.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to explore sex-related differences in the outcome of rectal surgery.
Settings:
All patients in the German StuDoQ|Rectum Registry who underwent rectal cancer surgery between 2013 and 2023 were included.
Design:
Propensity score matching was performed to account for comorbidities and factors influencing the surgery-associated outcome. Mediation analysis was performed to show the direct effect of sex on surgical and general complications.
Main Outcome Measures:
The main outcomes were morbidity and mortality.
Patients:
The total cohort included 19,664 patients (36.9% women), of whom 15,011 patients were included in this retrospective study. After propensity score matching, 10,362 patients were analyzed.
Results:
Compared with men, women had fewer surgical complications (eg, anastomotic leakage, 6.4% vs 12.0%, p < 0.001), lower rates of ileus (2.3% vs 5.7%, p < 0.001), and fewer general complications (eg, pneumonia (1.5% vs 3.6%, p < 0.001). In the propensity score-matched cohort (n = 10,362), female patients had significantly lower odds of experiencing any complication (Clavien-Dindo grade I-V vs 0) in a matched conditional logistic regression analysis (adjusted OR = 0.614; 95% CI, 0.566-0.666). Despite the strong influence of anastomotic leakage on morbidity, the protective effect of female sex was an independent factor for most complications in this cohort in mediation analysis.
Limitations:
Our study is limited by its retrospective design and the lack of some information, such as preoperative nicotine and alcohol consumption or the heterogenous definitions of some conditions, such as pelvic abscesses.
Conclusions:
In this retrospective multicenter registry study, female sex was associated with favorable outcomes after surgery for rectal cancer. See Video Abstract .
Complicaciones Tras La Ciruga Del Cncer Rectal Tienen Las Pacientes Mejores Resultados Un Anlisis Retrospectivo De Cohortes Emparejadas:
ANTECEDENTES:El cáncer de recto es uno de los cánceres más comunes en el mundo occidental. El camino hacia los tratamientos personalizados en medicina incluye una mayor determinación de las diferencias asociadas al sexo.OBJETIVO:El objetivo del estudio es explorar las diferencias relacionadas con el sexo en los resultados de la cirugía rectal.ÁMBITO:Se incluyó a todos los pacientes del Registro alemán StuDoQ|Rectum que se sometieron a cirugía rectal por cáncer de recto entre 2013 y 2023.DISEÑO:Se realizó un emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión para tener en cuenta las comorbilidades y los factores que influyen en el resultado asociado a la cirugía. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de mediación para mostrar el efecto directo del sexo sobre las complicaciones quirúrgicas y generales.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Los principales resultados son la morbilidad y la mortalidad.PACIENTES:La cohorte total incluyó a 19.664 pacientes (36,9% mujeres), y en este estudio retrospectivo se incluyó a 15.011 pacientes. Tras el emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión, se analizaron 10.362 pacientes.RESULTADOS:Las mujeres presentaron menos complicaciones quirúrgicas (p. ej., fuga anastomótica: 6,4% frente a 12,0%; p < 0,001; íleo: 2,3% frente a 5,7%; p < 0,001) y menos complicaciones generales (p. ej., neumonía: 1,5% frente a 3,6%; p < 0,001). En la cohorte emparejada por puntuación de propensión (n = 10.362), las mujeres tuvieron una probabilidad significativamente menor de experimentar cualquier complicación (Clavien-Dindo I-V frente a 0) en el análisis de regresión logística condicional emparejada (odds ratio ajustado = 0,614; IC del 95%: 0,566-0,666). A pesar de la fuerte influencia de la fuga anastomótica (AL) en la morbilidad, el efecto positivo del sexo femenino constituyó un factor independiente para la mayoría de las complicaciones en esta cohorte, según el análisis de mediación.LIMITACIONES:Nuestro estudio se ve limitado por su diseño retrospectivo y por la falta de cierta información, como el consumo preoperatorio de nicotina y alcohol, o la definición heterogénea de ciertas condiciones (p. ej., los abscesos pélvicos).CONCLUSIONES:En este estudio de registro multicéntrico y retrospectivo, el sexo femenino se asoció con resultados favorables tras la cirugía por cáncer de recto. (AI-generated translation ).
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