Nose-to-Brain Delivery System for Incorporating Monoterpenes with Anti-Depressant Potential

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Neuroscience
• Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

• Depression is a widespread, disabling condition with limitations in current treatments like resistance and side effects.
• Monoterpenes, found in essential oils, are gaining attention for their potential antidepressant properties and diverse pharmacological activities.
• Research into natural compounds offers a pathway to develop novel therapeutics with improved safety profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and analyze existing literature on monoterpenes with potential antidepressant properties.
• To explore the biological effects and mechanisms of action of these monoterpenes.
• To assess their potential for novel drug development and delivery systems for depression.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of scientific literature.
• Searches conducted on Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed.
• Keywords included "Depression," "Essential oils," "Phytochemical compounds," and "Central nervous system."

Main Results:

• Identified 29 monoterpenes exhibiting antidepressant-like effects.
• Monoterpenes act via multiple neurotransmitter systems (dopaminergic, serotonergic, etc.) and the endocannabinoid system.
• They modulate neuroinflammation, HPA axis activity, and neuroplasticity, with potential for nose-to-brain delivery.

Conclusions:

• Monoterpenes are promising candidates for developing safer, more effective antidepressant drugs.
• Their properties are suitable for innovative nose-to-brain delivery systems, enhancing CNS access and minimizing side effects.
• Monoterpenes represent a significant advancement in antidepressant therapy, particularly with intranasal formulations.