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Balancing the Virtual Path: Influence of Amplitude, Frequency, and Input Method on VR Locomotion.

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    Virtual reality (VR) locomotion is significantly impacted by terrain frequency, not just amplitude. Combining complex terrains with specific input methods like the elastic balance board (EBB) enhances immersion but increases workload.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Virtual Reality Systems
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Virtual reality (VR) locomotion systems face challenges in balancing user immersion with comfort and control accuracy.
    • Sinusoidal terrain characteristics and input modalities are key factors influencing user experience in VR.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of sinusoidal terrain characteristics (amplitude, frequency) and input modalities on VR locomotion performance and user experience.
    • To provide design guidelines for optimizing VR locomotion systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Two within-group studies were conducted using a custom-built elastic balance board (EBB).
    • Study 1: 24 participants evaluated locomotion efficiency, postural stability, and subjective experiences across varying terrain amplitudes and frequencies.
    • Study 2: 25 participants compared EBB and joystick input methods with different terrain amplitudes.

    Main Results:

    • High terrain frequency significantly increased completion time, sway velocity, motion sickness, fear of movement, and vection.
    • High terrain amplitude primarily increased completion time, sway velocity, and fear of movement.
    • Elastic balance board (EBB) use enhanced presence and vection but resulted in higher workload compared to joystick input.

    Conclusions:

    • Terrain frequency is the dominant factor affecting VR locomotion demands.
    • Amplitude effects are amplified when combined with embodied locomotion interfaces.
    • Aligning terrain complexity with input modality is crucial for optimizing user comfort and control accuracy in VR locomotion.