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Area of Science:

Cognitive Science
Human-Computer Interaction
Virtual Reality Applications

Background:

The N-back task is a standard for cognitive training but suffers from low engagement due to monotony.
Game-based and immersive technologies are explored to boost motivation and adherence in cognitive training.
Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive potential for enhancing user experience and training outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce VRN-back, a novel VR system combining N-back training with music rhythm game mechanics.
To evaluate the effectiveness of VRN-back on working memory, cognitive transfer, and user experience.
To assess the feasibility and usability of immersive, gamified VR for cognitive training.

Main Methods:

Developed VRN-back, integrating adaptive N-back with rhythm game elements for motivation.
Conducted a 7-day study with 15 young adults to assess cognitive performance and user experience.
Utilized N-back accuracy, reaction time, attention, inhibitory control tasks, and user experience questionnaires (SUS, UEQ, PAD).

Main Results:

Significant improvements observed in N-back accuracy, reaction time, and maximum N-level.
Demonstrated transfer effects to attention and inhibitory control tasks.
High usability (SUS: 80.83/100), positive pragmatic and hedonic user experience, and sustained positive emotional states.

Conclusions:

VRN-back is a feasible and effective system for cognitive training, enhancing working memory and related cognitive domains.
The music rhythm-based gamified VR approach successfully increases user motivation and engagement.
This study provides a foundation for developing advanced, long-term immersive cognitive intervention technologies.