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Related Concept Videos

Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
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Protein Transport to the Thylakoids01:22

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Thylakoids are membrane-bound sac-like structures within the chloroplast that serve as sites for photosynthesis. Thylakoid lumen contains many electron transport proteins and is enclosed by a thylakoid membrane rich in the light-harvesting complex. Proteins targeted to the thylakoids are transported as precursors and are sorted by the general TOC/TIC import pathway. Once the precursor reaches the stroma, stromal processing peptidases remove their transit signal and expose thylakoid signal...
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Chloroplasts are triple membrane structures with an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a thylakoid membrane, each containing distinct metabolite transporters, membrane translocons, and enzymes. Appropriate sorting and translocating these proteins to their correct membrane systems is essential for chloroplast function.
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The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...
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Chloroplast outer membrane proteins encoded by the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol. Soon after synthesis, they bind cytosolic factors such as 14-3-3 protein and the Hsp70 chaperones that keep these precursors in an unfolded state until their translocation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

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IOTA Tangle-based traceability framework for wheat crop supply chain.

Imen Ahmed1, Mariem Turki1, Mouna Baklouti1

  • 1Computer and Embedded System Laboratory CES, National Engineering School of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

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Summary

This study introduces an IOTA Tangle-based system for a secure and traceable wheat supply chain. It enhances transparency, efficiency, and food autonomy, particularly in Tunisia.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Technology
  • Supply Chain Management
  • Distributed Ledger Technology

Background:

  • Traditional supply chains face challenges like opacity, fraud, and inefficiency.
  • Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) offers decentralization, transparency, and security.
  • IOTA's Tangle is a scalable, feeless DLT suitable for supply chain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a secure and traceable wheat supply chain system using IOTA's Tangle.
  • To address challenges of opacity, fraud, and inefficiency in agricultural supply chains.
  • To enhance supply chain resilience and transparency, supporting food autonomy.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging IOTA's Tangle for a decentralized and secure framework.
  • Implementing smart contracts for transparent transaction processing and task automation.
  • Integrating InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for data storage, Artificial Intelligence (AI) for yield prediction, and Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) for security.

Main Results:

  • Development of an IOTA-based framework for enhanced wheat supply chain traceability.
  • Improved transparency, security, and scalability of supply chain services.
  • Integration of AI and SSI for increased visibility, operational efficiency, and robust security.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed IOTA-based system significantly enhances wheat supply chain traceability and security.
  • The framework supports trustworthy, transparent, and scalable services, addressing key industry challenges.
  • Implementation is expected to bolster supply chain resilience and contribute to food autonomy goals, with a focus on Tunisia.