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Upstream ORFs control TNFR1 abundance and tissue tolerance to TNF
Biao Ma1,2, Wenxin Lyu2, John Rizk2
1Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Two upstream open reading frames (uORFs) control TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) levels, crucial for immune tolerance. This regulation prevents excessive inflammation and tissue damage, safeguarding against conditions like systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is vital for immune responses but can cause tissue damage.
- Mechanisms of tissue tolerance to TNF are not well understood.
- TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) plays a central role in TNF signaling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the regulation of TNFR1 abundance.
- To determine the role of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in TNFR1 regulation.
- To elucidate the contribution of TNFR1 regulation to TNF tolerance.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 5' untranslated region (UTR) of TNFRSF1A gene.
- Investigation of uORF function in TNFR1 translation using cell culture models.
- Assessment of TNF-induced responses and pathology in mouse models.
Main Results:
- Two uORFs in the TNFRSF1A 5' UTR regulate TNFR1 levels.
- uORF2 significantly limits TNFR1 translation, protecting against TNF-driven damage.
- Disruption of uORF2 increases TNFR1, leading to heightened cell death.
- uORF1 dynamically modulates TNFR1 in response to inflammatory signals.
- uORFs also regulate other immune receptors like TLR4, IFNAR1, and IFNGR2.
Conclusions:
- uORF-mediated regulation of TNFR1 is a key mechanism for TNF tolerance.
- This regulatory mechanism prevents excessive immune responses and tissue damage.
- uORF control of immune receptor translation is a conserved protective strategy.
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