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Related Experiment Video

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Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

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Progressive sub-arc mantle oxidation modulated by sediment melt.

Mingdi Gao^1,2, Yu Wang^1,2, Yi-Gang Xu^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.

Science Advances

|April 3, 2026

Summary

Terrigenous sediment melt controls the redox state and composition of volcanic arc magmas. This influx of sediment melt also increases the potential for forming porphyry copper-gold deposits.

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Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

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Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod

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Published on: August 17, 2016

Area of Science:

Geochemistry
Petrology
Tectonics

Background:

Sub-arc mantle redox state is typically oxidized but variable.
Slab components influence arc magma composition and mantle redox state, but the dominant component is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the dominant slab component influencing sub-arc mantle redox state and arc magma composition.
To investigate the link between sediment melt influx, magma chemistry, and metallogenesis.

Main Methods:

Compilation of global Cenozoic primitive arc basalt and olivine-hosted melt inclusion data.
Analysis of correlations between potassium oxide content, incompatible elements, and oxygen fugacity (fO2).

Main Results:

Terrigenous sediment melt is identified as the dominant component controlling sub-arc mantle redox state.
Progressive sediment melt influx leads to enrichment of potassium oxide and incompatible elements in arc magmas.
Increased potassium oxide content correlates with rising oxygen fugacity (fO2), indicating the oxidizing potential of sediment melt.

Conclusions:

Sediment melt influx elevates sub-arc mantle oxygen fugacity (fO2).
High-potassium oxide, high-fO2 arc magmas are linked to porphyry copper-gold deposit formation.
Sediment melt influx enhances the metallogenetic potential for porphyry deposits.