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Purifying ⁶⁰Co-containing low-level radioactive wastewater via electro-deionization with zirconium phosphate
Jinzheng Yuan1, Haodong Jiang1, Jinghao Guo1
1Ministry of Education's Research Centre for Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Process Engineering of Phosphorus Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
Abstract:
In this study an electro-deionization (EDI) technology employing α-zirconium hydrogen phosphate (α-ZrHP) inorganic ion-exchange resins is investigated for purifying ⁶⁰Co-containing low-level radioactive NaNO₃ wastewater. Special focus is given to the scale-up effects from lab to miniature pilot-scale operation. The influence of key process parameters including voltage, solution flow rate and volume ratio, as well as feed concentration on NaNO₃ desalination performance and water dissociation behavior was studied. Under optimal conditions, the system achieved a treatment capacity of 9.53 L/h, a water recovery rate of 81.8%, a specific energy consumption of 1.73 kWh/m³ , and a removal rate exceeding 99% for both NaNO₃ and Co (NO₃) ₂. The EDI process demonstrated superior performance compared to electrodialysis (ED), and the transfer behavior of Co²⁺ was revealed. The treatment of genuine low-level radioactive wastewater resulted in a 97.55% removal of 60Co β-radioactivity. The results confirm that the inorganic resin-packed EDI system, leveraging the exceptional radiation resistance of the inorganic material and efficient desalination capability, is a promising technology for radioactive wastewater treatment. The successful lab to miniature pilot scale-up provides valuable insights for future industrial implementation of this technology.
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