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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Updated: Apr 5, 2026

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Exploring Demographic Differences in Postintubation Analgesia by Racial Group, Sex, and Age.

Katarina E AuBuchon1, Anthony Amaru2, Tania Quintero Cepero2

  • 1Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.

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Summary

Post-intubation opioid prescribing shows disparities. Black patients received higher odds but lower doses, while older patients received less. Female patients also received lower doses than males.

Keywords:
opioid disparitiespostintubation analgesiapostintubation sedationrapid-sequence intubation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Clinical practice
  • Health equity

Background:

  • Post-rapid sequence intubation (RSI) analgesia is crucial for pain management.
  • Existing research indicates demographic variations in analgesic prescribing for medical procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sociodemographic differences in post-RSI opioid prescribing within a Med-Atlantic healthcare system.
  • To test hypotheses regarding lower opioid doses for Black, female, and older patients post-RSI.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 1211 intubated adults in 2019.
  • Analysis of demographics (race, sex, age), comorbidities, and opioid dosage (Milligram Morphine Equivalent).
  • Zero-inflated Poisson model used due to low opioid utilization (29.4%).

Main Results:

  • Older patients were less likely to receive opioids and received lower doses.
  • Black patients had higher odds of receiving opioids but lower doses compared to White patients.
  • Female patients received lower opioid doses than male patients, though likelihood was not significantly different.

Conclusions:

  • Significant racial, sex, and age disparities exist in post-intubation opioid prescribing.
  • Further research is needed to establish best practices for age-related opioid recommendations.
  • Standardized practices are required to ensure equitable analgesia for all patients.