Targeting kinases with DNA-encoded libraries: current landscape and future directions

In this review, we summarise and analyse the structures and key characteristics of kinase inhibitors identified through DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) from 2009 to 2025. We focus on their chemical diversity, binding interactions and optimisation strategies that have driven progress in DEL-based kinase inhibitor discovery. Representative case studies highlight innovative approaches and successes in addressing therapeutic challenges associated with kinases. We also examine the general physicochemical properties of the identified compounds and map the kinase families most frequently targeted by DELs. Overall, 47 initial hits and 17 leads were evaluated for 24 kinase targets across 19 families. Our aim is to inspire further advancements in DEL technology and promote its application in the selective and efficient discovery of kinase inhibitors to accelerate drug development.