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Missing persons response: national programs and global cooperation in Brazil's migration context
Aline Minervino1, António Amorim2, Francisco Corte Real3
1Brazilian National DNA Database, Brasília, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; National Police Academy, Federal Police, Brasília, Brazil.
Summary
Identifying missing persons (MP) and unidentified human remains (UHR) requires international cooperation. Effective identification relies on forensic genetics, legal frameworks, and data sharing, not just lab capacity.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Genetics
- International Law
- Humanitarian Studies
Background:
- Missing persons and unidentified human remains (MP/UHR) pose significant global challenges.
- Transnational DNA cooperation is crucial for identifying individuals with migration-related links.
- Existing identification initiatives require examination within legal and operational contexts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review MP/UHR identification initiatives in selected countries with migration links to Brazil.
- To analyze the integration of forensic genetics in MP/UHR workflows.
- To assess legal, governance, and operational aspects of transnational DNA cooperation.
Main Methods:
- Documentary review of peer-reviewed literature, official reports, and international organization documentation.
- Analysis focused on countries with migration links to Brazil and relevance to transnational DNA cooperation.
- Examination of forensic genetics integration, legal frameworks, and cross-border data exchange.
Main Results:
- Identification success depends on laboratory capacity, institutional coordination, and data linkage (ante-mortem/post-mortem).
- International mechanisms like INTERPOL's I-Familia database show potential but face limitations.
- Inconsistent adoption and varying national protocols hinder the effectiveness of global identification tools.
Conclusions:
- MP/UHR identification is a shared international responsibility.
- Cooperation in science, law, and policy is essential for ensuring dignity, truth, and justice for families.
- Strengthening international collaboration is vital for improving identification outcomes.
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