Trends in Contact Sensitization Among Korean Patients: A Multicenter 6-Year Retrospective Patch Test Study.

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Epidemiology
• Allergology

Background:

• Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is significantly influenced by demographic factors.
• Updated epidemiological data are crucial for optimizing patch test panels and preventive measures.
• Understanding these factors aids in managing ACD effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate current trends in allergen sensitization among Korean patients.
• To identify determinants of sensitization, including age, sex, and body site involvement.
• To inform public health strategies and improve diagnostic approaches for ACD.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of patch test records from 2,271 patients across 15 Korean university hospitals (2019-2024).
• Reactions were interpreted using International Contact Dermatitis Research Group criteria.
• Statistical associations between sensitization and demographic/clinical factors were assessed.

Main Results:

• Over half (57.1%) of patients showed at least one positive patch test reaction; 48.7% had multiple sensitizations.
• Nickel (29.0%), cobalt (18.2%), and chromium (8.2%) were the most frequent sensitizers.
• Sensitization patterns differed significantly by age, sex, and affected body site, with specific allergens linked to facial, hand, or scalp involvement.

Conclusions:

• Metals, especially nickel and cobalt, are the primary allergens causing ACD in Korea.
• Significant variations in sensitization based on age, sex, and body site highlight the need for targeted screening.
• These findings support the development of personalized public health strategies for ACD prevention and management.