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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...

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Gene-Environment Correlation Across Trauma Subtypes and Developmental Timing: Evidence From the EU-GEI and ALSPAC.

Giulia Trotta1, Isabelle Austin-Zimmerman2, Edoardo Spinazzola3

  • 1Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.

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|April 4, 2026
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Summary

Genetic predispositions influence childhood trauma exposure through gene-environment correlation (rGE). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for psychiatric disorders are linked to specific early-life adversities, highlighting genetic liability in trauma research.

Keywords:
ALSPACChildhood traumaDevelopmental timingGene-environment correlationPolygenic risk scorePsychosis

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Gene-Environment Interactions

Background:

  • Childhood trauma is a known risk factor for psychiatric disorders.
  • Genetic factors may influence an individual's exposure to adversity via gene-environment correlation (rGE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene-environment correlation (rGE) between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for psychiatric traits and trauma subtypes across development.
  • To examine the association between PRSs and the timing of trauma exposure (early vs. late childhood).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two large cohorts: EU-GEI (N=1,191) and ALSPAC (N=8,141).
  • Assessed trauma retrospectively (EU-GEI) and prospectively/retrospectively (ALSPAC).
  • Employed multinomial logistic regressions to analyze PRS associations with five trauma types and exposure timing.

Main Results:

  • Identified 20 PRS-trauma associations in EU-GEI and replicated 20 in ALSPAC.
  • Strong associations found between PTSD PRS and early emotional, sexual, and physical abuse, and bullying.
  • ADHD, depression, schizophrenia, and CUD PRSs linked to early trauma exposures in ALSPAC.
  • Variance explained by PRSs was small; sensitivity analyses confirmed findings.

Conclusions:

  • Provided robust evidence for gene-environment correlation between psychiatric PRSs and specific trauma exposures.
  • Emphasized the significant role of rGE in early development.
  • Highlighted the importance of integrating genetic liability into trauma research.