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Cellular therapies in systemic Sclerosis: immunopathogenesis-informed precision targeting with CAR-T and CAR-NK

Gerard Convey1, Masataka Kuwana2, Mandana Nikpour3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|April 4, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) treatment is advancing with cellular therapies like CAR T-cells and NK cells. These innovative approaches aim for deep immune reset and long-term remission in SSc patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Cellular Therapy

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease causing immune dysregulation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis.
  • Current treatments for SSc offer limited efficacy, leading to high morbidity and mortality.
  • Novel cellular therapies present a promising avenue for SSc management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunobiological basis for using CAR T-cell and NK cell therapies in SSc.
  • To evaluate the early clinical evidence supporting these cellular therapies for SSc.
  • To compare the application of these therapies in SSc with their use in other autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunobiology and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of CAR T-cell and NK cell mechanisms in autoimmune diseases.
  • Comparative assessment of therapeutic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Cellular therapies offer a potential for deep immune reset in SSc.
  • Early clinical data suggest feasibility and potential efficacy.
  • Comparisons with other autoimmune diseases provide insights into SSc-specific applications.

Conclusions:

  • CAR T-cell and NK cell therapies hold significant promise for SSc treatment.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to optimize these therapies for SSc.
  • Cellular therapy represents a paradigm shift in managing SSc.
Keywords:
B-Cell depletionBCMA-Targeted therapyCAR-NK cell therapyCAR-T cell therapyCD19-Targeted therapyCellular therapyPrecision therapySclerodermaSystemic Sclerosis (SSc)

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