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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Creating Anionic Microenvironment Around Single-Atom Fe Sites in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Nitrate

Song Chen1, Yunyang Qian2, Ziyong Cheng1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces SU-102-Fe, a novel catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (eNO3RR). It efficiently converts nitrate wastewater into ammonia, overcoming limitations of previous methods.

Keywords:
K+•H2Ometal–organic frameworkmicroenvironment modulationnitrate electroreductionsingle atom

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (eNO3RR) is crucial for wastewater treatment and ammonia synthesis.
  • Neutral media present challenges due to limited proton availability, hindering reaction kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient catalyst for eNO3RR in neutral conditions.
  • To enhance nitrate reduction by improving local proton supply.

Main Methods:

  • Functionalization of an anionic metal-organic framework (MOF), SU-102, with atomically dispersed iron (Fe) sites to create SU-102-Fe.
  • Electrocatalytic performance testing at -0.7 V vs RHE.
  • In situ characterizations to investigate the catalytic mechanism.

Main Results:

  • SU-102-Fe achieved a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 96.9% and an ammonia production rate of 1.72 mg h⁻¹ mgcat⁻¹.
  • The catalyst significantly outperformed commercial Fe2O3 and pristine SU-102.
  • Anionic microenvironment around Fe sites facilitated K+•H2O species enrichment and dissociation, enhancing proton supply.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SU-102-Fe catalyst effectively addresses the proton limitation in neutral media for eNO3RR.
  • The unique anionic MOF structure promotes efficient nitrate-to-ammonia conversion, showing great promise for sustainable applications.