Extractive optimisation of bioactive compounds from Malpighia emarginata DC. through Box-Behnken experimental design

This study optimised the extraction of bioactive compounds from Malpighia emarginata (acerola), a species known for its high ascorbic acid content and strong antioxidant capacity. Vortex extraction was employed in combination with a Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of sample-to-solvent ratio (1:10, 1:25, 1:32 m/v), velocity (9,000, 12,000, 15,000 rpm), and temperature (20, 40, 60 °C) on extraction efficiency. Extracts were assessed for yield, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay). Optimal conditions were established at a sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:10, 80% ethanol, 9,000 rpm, and 40 °C for 5 min. The optimised extract exhibited a high concentration of ascorbic acid and a predominance of flavonoids. These findings advance process optimisation strategies for recovering antioxidant-rich natural compounds and reinforce the industrial and biotechnological potential of M. emarginata as a valuable source of bioactive molecules.