Clinical and Neurocognitive Characteristics of Adolescents with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Behavior: The...

This study aimed to compare sociodemographic, clinical, and neurocognitive features between adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and those with suicidal behavior (SB), and to identify predictors of SB.

A total of 151 adolescents (97 with NSSI and 54 with SB) were recruited from child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinics. Clinical symptoms and functioning were assessed using the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), Child Depression Rating Scale (CDRS), Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Scale (SNAP-IV). Neurocognitive domains, such as memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, and social cognition were assessed through a standardized test battery. Logistic regression identified predictors of SB.

The groups did not differ in age, gender, or parental education. Adolescents with SB had lower global functioning (p = 0.001), more severe depression (p = 0.027), higher inattention/hyperactivity (p = 0.014), and poorer sleep quality (p = 0.045). No neurocognitive differences were observed. Hyperactivity symptoms on the SNAP-IV independently predicted suicidal behavior (p < 0.001).

Adolescents with NSSI and SB show comparable neurocognitive performance, but hyperactivity symptoms differentiate those with SB. Targeting hyperactivity may reduce suicide risk in self-injuring youth.