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A computational study of the mouse brain under multidirectional rotational loading.

Ali A Rostam-Alilou1, David J Loane2, Caitríona Lally3

  • 1School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; BRAIN Lab, School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|April 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rotational loading causes traumatic brain injury (TBI) by straining deep brain regions like the thalamus and brainstem. The direction and profile of this loading significantly impact injury patterns, highlighting the need for detailed biomechanical analysis.

Keywords:
Brain mechanicsFinite elementPreclinical modelRotational loadingTraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) from rotational loading is a significant cause of neurological dysfunction.
  • The precise biomechanical mechanisms driving these injuries are not fully understood.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective TBI prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a high-resolution, anatomically accurate 3D finite element model of the mouse brain (FEM-MB).
  • To investigate the biomechanical response of the mouse brain to various rotational loading scenarios using the FEM-MB.
  • To identify brain regions most susceptible to strain under different rotational loading conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a detailed 3D finite element model of the mouse brain (FEM-MB).
  • Validation of the FEM-MB against existing experimental data for strain responses.
  • Application of unidirectional and multidirectional rotational loading at varying peak angular velocities (100-200 rad/s) to the FEM-MB.

Main Results:

  • The FEM-MB accurately predicted strain responses, validating its reliability.
  • Deep brain structures, including the thalamic-hippocampal region, hypothalamus, and brainstem, exhibited the highest maximum principal strains.
  • Strain distribution was significantly influenced by the magnitude, direction, and temporal asymmetry of rotational loading, with specific patterns observed for coronal and axial plane rotations.

Conclusions:

  • The FEM-MB serves as a valuable in silico tool for studying TBI biomechanics in preclinical models.
  • Rotational loading direction and profile critically determine strain magnitude and distribution in the mouse brain.
  • Deep brain regions, particularly the thalamic-hippocampal and brainstem areas, are highly vulnerable to rotational TBI.