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An operational target trial emulation framework for causal inference using electronic health record data
Yanfei Wang1, Yongqiu Li1, Tuo Lin2
1Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Abstract:
Target trial emulation (TTE) enables causal inference from electronic health record (EHR) data when randomized clinical trials are infeasible, but its validity depends on whether EHR data can support the required trial design components. This review presents an operational framework that distinguishes trial specification from its realization in EHR data and clarifies how healthcare-driven data generation constrains identifiability and when EHR-based TTE can or cannot yield interpretable causal estimates.
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