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Related Concept Videos

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

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Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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Assessment of the Mouth

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Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
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Exploring Toothbrushing Duration Among Adults: A Systematic Review.

Tim M J A Thomassen1, Yu Shen Richard Hu1, Fridus A van der Weijden1

  • 1Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry, Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

International Journal of Dental Hygiene
|April 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults brush their teeth for an average of 87 seconds with a manual toothbrush (MTB), which is less than recommended. Brushing time with powered toothbrushes (PTB) averaged 143 seconds.

Keywords:
brushing timedurationmanual toothbrushpowered toothbrushsystematic reviewtoothbrushing

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Area of Science:

  • Oral hygiene practices
  • Dental health research
  • Systematic review methodology

Background:

  • Inadequate understanding of average tooth brushing duration necessitates research.
  • PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024565180.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and assess average tooth brushing duration in adults.
  • To evaluate the evolution of brushing time over the years.
  • To differentiate brushing duration between manual toothbrush (MTB) and powered toothbrush (PTB) users.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of PubMed-MEDLINE and Cochrane-CENTRAL databases up to January 22, 2025.
  • Inclusion of clinical trials on healthy adults performing self-brushing.
  • Primary outcome: average tooth brushing duration (seconds/min); secondary outcome: correlation with publication year.

Main Results:

  • Twelve eligible papers yielded 16 evaluations (14 MTB, 2 PTB).
  • Average brushing time for uninstructed adults using MTB: 87 seconds.
  • Average brushing time for PTB users: 143 seconds.
  • Observed trend of increasing brushing duration for MTB users over publication years.

Conclusions:

  • Average manual toothbrushing duration is approximately 1.5 minutes, falling short of guidelines.
  • Powered toothbrush users brush for over 2 minutes on average.
  • A trend suggests increased brushing duration over time, particularly with manual toothbrushes.