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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
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Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
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Enteropathy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.

Alexandros Grammatikos1

  • 1Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|April 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Infections are key in Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) enteropathy, causing chronic diarrhea and malabsorption. Identifying infectious causes is crucial for timely treatment and preventing complications in CVID patients.

Keywords:
CVIDCampylobacterDiarrheaEnteropathyEtiologyGastrointestinalGiardiaInfectionsNorovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) frequently causes gastrointestinal complications, notably CVID enteropathy.
  • CVID enteropathy presents with chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and severe malabsorption, lacking clear diagnostic criteria.
  • The unknown aetiopathogenesis of CVID enteropathy complicates diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significance of infections in patients with CVID enteropathy.
  • To highlight common pathogens implicated in CVID enteropathy.
  • To emphasize the importance of differentiating infectious from non-infectious causes for effective management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing evidence on infections in CVID enteropathy.
  • Identification of common infectious pathogens, including norovirus, Giardia, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and CMV.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches for suspected CVID enteropathy.

Main Results:

  • Infections play a significant role in the presentation and severity of CVID enteropathy.
  • Norovirus, Giardia, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and CMV are frequently identified pathogens.
  • Distinguishing infectious from non-infectious etiologies is critical for patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Infectious agents are a major contributor to CVID enteropathy.
  • Prompt and accurate diagnosis, differentiating infectious causes, is essential for appropriate treatment.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic strategy, including molecular methods and endoscopic sampling, is recommended for high-suspicion cases.