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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing

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Published on: February 3, 2021

Strategies and Pathways Toward Efficient Perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ Tandem Solar Cells.

Xiaomin Wang¹, Haofei Xia¹, Yaohua Guo¹

¹Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.

|April 5, 2026

Summary

Perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) tandem solar cells combine two materials to exceed single-layer limits. This review covers advancements, challenges, and future directions for these promising solar technologies.

Keywords:

CIGS bandgap efficiency perovskite tandem solar cells

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Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

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In Situ Monitoring of the Accelerated Performance Degradation of Solar Cells and Modules: A Case Study for CuIn,GaSe2 Solar Cells

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Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells

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Published on: November 5, 2014

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Photovoltaics

Background:

Tandem solar cells (TSCs) offer a route to overcome single-junction efficiency limits and reduce thermal losses.
Perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) TSCs are particularly promising due to complementary absorbers and processing advantages.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent progress in perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cell efficiency and stability.
To discuss key challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cells.
Analysis of two-terminal (2T) and four-terminal (4T) architectures.
Examination of rigid and flexible device configurations.

Main Results:

Significant advancements have been made in improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite/CIGS TSCs.
Key issues include material properties, interconnection layers, optical management, and theoretical modeling.
Both 2T and 4T, as well as rigid and flexible, configurations are explored.

Conclusions:

Perovskite/CIGS TSCs show great potential for high performance, low cost, and practical applications.
Addressing material limitations and optimizing device architecture are crucial for further development.
Continued research is needed to overcome critical challenges and advance the technology.