Promoting vaccination in cardiovascular patients: a comprehensive scoping review of intervention strategies

Despite proven benefits in reducing cardiovascular risk, vaccination remains an underutilized strategy in preventive cardiology.

This scoping review aimed to map existing evidence on promotional and preventive interventions to enhance vaccination uptake among patients with cardiovascular disease.

We reviewed existing research using a structured approach from the Joanna Briggs Institute. The databases searched were Medline, Cinahl, Cochrane, and Embase to identify all relevant studies on vaccination promotional and preventive interventions among individuals with cardiovascular disease.

This review maps existing evidence on strategies to promote vaccination in this high-risk group. We identified ten relevant studies and classified the interventions into three main types: 1) educational interventions; 2) vaccination promotion campaigns and, 3) technology-based on support vaccination campaigns. The review highlights persistent barriers to vaccination implementation in cardiovascular care, variations in uptake among different cardiovascular disease subpopulations, and the importance of addressing sex- and ethnicity-specific factors to enhance vaccine acceptance.

Integrating vaccination into preventive cardiology, particularly through multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation programs, may improve vaccine delivery and patient cardiovascular outcomes.