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Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
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Updated: Apr 7, 2026

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Who gets it? Explaining variability in children's written irony comprehension.

Henri Olkoniemi1,2, Tuomo Häikiö2, Matti Laine3

  • 1Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Finland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding verbal irony requires distinguishing intended meaning from literal meaning.
  • Children face challenges in irony comprehension due to developing cognitive skills.
  • Individual differences in cognitive abilities may influence irony processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between working memory, empathy, and gender with irony processing and comprehension in 10-year-olds.
  • To investigate how these factors affect the speed and accuracy of understanding written irony.
  • To explore the role of individual differences in children's interpretation of verbal irony.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of eye-tracking data from 97 children (46 girls, 51 boys) in two prior experiments.
  • Correlating working memory capacity and empathy scores with irony comprehension accuracy.
  • Assessing processing speed and rereading patterns of ironic versus literal statements.

Main Results:

  • Stronger empathy skills correlated with higher accuracy and fewer rereads of ironic phrases.
  • Higher working memory was linked to faster irony processing but not improved comprehension.
  • Lower working memory was associated with more accurate irony comprehension, while gender showed no significant effect.

Conclusions:

  • Empathy and working memory are crucial for children's understanding of verbal irony.
  • Emotional perspective-taking abilities significantly impact irony comprehension accuracy.
  • Individual cognitive profiles, particularly working memory, influence different aspects of irony processing.