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How Does Genetic Information Enable Life?

Robert Gatenby1

  • 1Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33512, USA. Robert.Gatenby@moffitt.org.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Life uses genetic information and enzymes to maintain a non-equilibrium state. Enzymes decrease activation energy, enabling reactions and increasing Shannon information crucial for survival and evolution.

Keywords:
Coarse grainingEnzymesEvolutionFine grainingGeneticsNon-equilibriumShannon informationThermodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Life maintains a stable, ordered state far from thermodynamic equilibrium, a process not fully understood.
  • Genetic information is crucial for this non-equilibrium state, particularly in enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the role of genetic information in maintaining the unique thermodynamic state of living systems.
  • To investigate how enzymes achieve reaction acceleration and contribute to non-equilibrium dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Arrhenius equation and enzyme kinetics.
  • Exploration of quantum mechanics in substrate interactions and molecular "fine graining".
  • Investigation of cellular machinery controlling protein folding kinetics and Shannon information.

Main Results:

  • Enzymes accelerate reactions by decreasing activation energy through optimized quantum interactions, effectively "fine graining" molecular processes.
  • Cellular machinery ensures precise protein folding, increasing Shannon information and enabling enzymatic function.
  • Enzyme-catalyzed reactions create improbable Boltzmann distributions, maintaining a non-equilibrium state essential for life.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic information and enzyme function are critical for establishing and maintaining the non-equilibrium thermodynamic state necessary for life.
  • Evolutionary selection acts on genes and folding mechanisms, optimizing information processing for organismal fitness.
  • The interplay between genetic information, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics enables life's ordered, non-equilibrium existence.