Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

High-Density CRISPR/Cas12a-Mediated Multiplex Genome Editing Reveals Genome Instability in Allotetraploid Cotton.

Genes·2026

Same author

Therapeutic effect of <i>Tripterygium hypoglaucum (H. Lév.) Hutch.</i> extract on psoriasis-like skin inflammation correlated with gut microbiota homeostasis in mice.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026

Same author

Regulatory T cells in bullous pemphigoid: biological characteristics, dysfunction, and pathogenic roles.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same author

Background segmentation and aberration fitting via deep learning for accurate phase correction in digital holographic interferometry.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Novel effector HYPB1 of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) inhibits biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites and promotes feeding by targeting cotton dirigent protein GhDIR15.

Journal of integrative plant biology·2026

Same author

Efficacy evaluation of ultrasound-derived fat fraction in predicting of the severity of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Molecular mechanisms controlling kernel development in maize.

Lingzhi Meng¹, Fuqiu Wang¹, Xiaozhen Hu¹

¹College of Agriculture and Biology of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.

Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology

|April 5, 2026

Summary

This review summarizes 129 genes controlling maize kernel development, crucial for crop yield and quality. Understanding these genetic networks aids in improving maize through elite allele pyramiding.

Keywords:

Kernel development Kernel size Kernel weight Maize Molecular mechanisms Protein Starch

More Related Videos

Experimental Design for Laser Microdissection RNA-Seq: Lessons from an Analysis of Maize Leaf Development

Experimental Design for Laser Microdissection RNA-Seq: Lessons from an Analysis of Maize Leaf Development

Published on: March 5, 2017

Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves

Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves

Published on: December 2, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Experimental Design for Laser Microdissection RNA-Seq: Lessons from an Analysis of Maize Leaf Development

Experimental Design for Laser Microdissection RNA-Seq: Lessons from an Analysis of Maize Leaf Development

Published on: March 5, 2017

Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves

Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves

Published on: December 2, 2016

Area of Science:

Plant Molecular Biology
Genetics
Agronomy

Background:

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a vital global staple crop, necessitating enhanced yield and quality for food security.
Kernel development is a complex process directly impacting maize grain yield and quality, regulated by intricate genetic networks.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and summarize the cloning and functional characterization of 129 genes involved in maize kernel development.
To provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms governing kernel development and identify future research directions.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review and synthesis of published data.
Analysis of gene functions across diverse biological processes related to kernel development.
Identification of regulatory networks and pathways involved in kernel trait determination.

Main Results:

Detailed summary of 129 identified genes and their roles in kernel development.
Genes identified participate in phytohormone signaling, transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulation, metabolism, and transport.
These genes are integrated into broad regulatory networks controlling kernel size, weight, and composition.

Conclusions:

A deeper understanding of the molecular basis of maize kernel development is achieved.
The review provides valuable references for genetic improvement of maize by pyramiding elite alleles.
Future research strategies for discovering additional regulatory genes are proposed.