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Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology

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XACT-guided interventional procedures: A feasibility study.

Yuchen Yan¹, Prabodh Kumar Pandey², Yifei Xu¹

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.

Medical Physics

|April 6, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

X-ray Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography (XACT) offers real-time 3D imaging for interventional radiology, guiding needles and monitoring contrast agents. This novel technique combines X-ray and ultrasound for enhanced soft-tissue visualization.

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Biomedical Engineering
Radiology

Background:

X-ray Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography (XACT) is an emerging 3D imaging technique using X-ray-induced acoustic waves.
It offers real-time 3D imaging without mechanical rotation, overcoming limitations of MRI and CT.
XACT integrated with ultrasound (US) provides complementary soft-tissue contrast for interventional radiology (IR).

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the feasibility of XACT as a novel imaging tool for IR.
To assess XACT's capability in guiding needle placement.
To monitor contrast agent dynamics during interventional procedures.

Main Methods:

Developed a 3D XACT system with a 256-element 2D matrix array and portable X-ray tube.
Integrated XACT with pulse-echo US using a 128-element linear US array for dual-modality imaging.
Utilized GPU-accelerated algorithms for 3D XACT image reconstruction on phantoms and soft tissue samples.

Main Results:

Demonstrated 3D XACT imaging for needle placement monitoring and contrast agent tracking.
Achieved imaging speeds of 3-4 seconds per frame.
Dual-modality imaging provided clear visualization of needles and soft tissues with ~2 mm resolution.

Conclusions:

XACT imaging is feasible for interventional radiology applications.
Its 3D imaging and speed offer an alternative to cone beam CT.
Combined XACT and US imaging provides richer soft-tissue information for IR.