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Updated: Apr 7, 2026

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy
Published on: February 21, 2025
Cytokine armored CAR T cells for cancer immunotherapy
Kevin Sek1,2, Kah Min Yap1,2, Woon Xuan Hong1,2
1Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Abstract:
Cytokine armoring of CAR T cells for enhancing the immunotherapy of cancer. Reprogramming of CAR T-cell phenotypes through (a) IL-158 or (b) IL-9Rα9 engineering. Reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment and recruitment of host antitumor immunity through (c) IL-36γ10 or (d) IL-1211,12 engineering. (e) Tumor-inducible cytokine expression utilizing synthetic NFAT or endogenous NR4A2 promoter systems to restrict systemic expression of potent cytokines for improved safety.
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