Family Presence During Invasive Procedures or Resuscitation, Nurse Perception and Preparedness Questionnaire...

Area of Science:

• Nursing Research
• Clinical Practice
• Healthcare Management

Background:

• Family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitation (FPDR) is increasingly advocated in healthcare settings.
• However, there is a lack of validated instruments to assess nurses' perceptions and preparedness for FPDR, including organizational readiness.
• This gap hinders effective implementation of FPDR policies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and psychometrically validate a new instrument to measure nurses' perceptions and preparedness for family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitation (FPDIP/R).
• The developed instrument is named the FPDIP/R-NPPQ.

Main Methods:

• A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted with 212 registered nurses in three Italian hospitals.
• Psychometric validation involved exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a 37-item Likert-type scale.
• Reliability was assessed using McDonald's omega (ω).

Main Results:

• EFA identified a 19-item, three-factor solution explaining 57.47% of the variance.
• The factors are: (1) emotional value and relational benefits of family presence, (2) communication skills and structured management, and (3) operational support through a dedicated staff member.
• CFA confirmed good model fit, with high reliability (ω = 0.82–0.87) across factors.

Conclusions:

• The FPDIP/R-NPPQ is a valid and reliable 19-item instrument for measuring nurses' readiness for family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitation.
• The tool distinguishes between attitudes, communication/management preparedness, and organizational readiness, enabling identification of implementation barriers.
• It supports clinical governance by guiding targeted training, protocol development, and resource allocation for safer family presence practices.