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Related Concept Videos

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

373
Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
373
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

817
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
817
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

378
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
378
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

484
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
484
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

335
Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
335
One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion01:09

One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion

696
Intravenous (IV) infusion is often utilized when continuous and controlled drug delivery is necessary, such as during surgery or in the treatment of chronic diseases. This method offers numerous advantages, including immediate drug action, precise control over dosage, and bypassing the first-pass metabolism.
The one-compartment model for IV infusion uses mathematical equations to describe the rate of change in drug quantity in the body. At steady-state or infusion equilibrium, the drug input...
696

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Creating a Drug Library for Zero Continuous Infusion Errors in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Quality

Shabaan Osman1, Shaima Ibrahim2, Jihad Zahraa1

  • 1Al Jalila Children's Hospital, Dubai, UAE.

Nursing in Critical Care
|April 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A quality improvement initiative significantly reduced medication errors in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) by implementing smart infusion pumps and electronic medical record integration. This systems-based solution enhanced patient safety and staff satisfaction.

Keywords:
human factors engineeringmedication errorsmultidisciplinary collaborationpaediatric ICUpatient safetyquality improvementsmart infusion pumps

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Area of Science:

  • Patient Safety
  • Quality Improvement
  • Healthcare Systems Engineering

Background:

  • Medication errors during continuous infusions in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) pose significant risks.
  • A sentinel event involving a severe ketamine overdose highlighted the need for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a systems-based solution for reducing continuous infusion errors in PICUs.
  • To improve patient safety through a multidisciplinary approach.
  • To enhance staff compliance, satisfaction, and perceived safety.

Main Methods:

  • Root cause analysis (RCA) and human factors engineering (HFE) were employed.
  • Interventions included smart infusion pumps with a customized drug library integrated with the EPIC electronic medical record (EMR) system.
  • A Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle guided implementation, involving staff training and standardized medication preparation.

Main Results:

  • Zero medication errors were reported from October 2024 to January 2026.
  • Staff satisfaction and perceived safety improvements exceeded 95% in post-implementation surveys.
  • The successful model was scaled to the emergency department and five subspecialty wards.

Conclusions:

  • The intervention effectively minimized continuous infusion errors, fostering a culture of high reliability and zero harm.
  • Ongoing education, adherence to double-checking protocols, and EMR enhancements are recommended for sustained improvement.
  • This scalable model offers a framework for reducing errors in other high-risk clinical settings.