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Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
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Recent explosive lava-water interaction in Tharsis, Mars.

Bartosz Pieterek1, Thomas J Jones2

  • 1Geohazard Research Unit, Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland.

Npj Space Exploration
|April 6, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New evidence reveals young volcanic cones on Mars formed by explosive lava-water interactions. These findings suggest past hydrothermal activity and offer prime targets for the search for extraterrestrial life.

Keywords:
Planetary scienceSolid Earth sciences

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Volcanology
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Understanding water distribution on Mars is key to its evolution.
  • Volcanism shaped Mars, but evidence of magma-water interactions in young volcanic provinces is scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate small-scale volcanic landforms indicating water involvement.
  • Identify evidence of recent lava-water interactions on Mars.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of high-resolution remote sensing data.
  • Analysis of surface imagery, topographic data, and spectral data.
  • Mapping volcanic landforms and associated mineralogy.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of rootless volcanic cones formed by phreatomagmatic eruptions (<215 Ma).
  • Location adjacent to Ascraeus Mons in Tharsis.
  • Association with spectrally identified hydrated minerals (sulfates), indicating hydrothermal circulation.

Conclusions:

  • Young volcanic cones indicate explosive lava-water interactions in the late Amazonian period.
  • These features suggest sustained hydrothermal activity potentially linked to magma-water interactions.
  • These landforms are crucial for reconstructing Martian paleoclimate, identifying water ice, and guiding the search for life.