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Postpartum Depression and the Emerging Mother-Infant Relationship: Associations With Selective Serotonin Reuptake

Nicole M McDonald1, Camila A Ferrario1, Ying Yan1

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JAACAP Open
|April 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may improve the mother-infant relationship quality for mothers with postpartum depression (PPD). However, maternal depression may still impact infant social development.

Keywords:
infant developmentmother–infant relationshippostpartum depressionselective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal mental health
  • Developmental psychology
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to 1 in 5 women, impacting child development.
  • Effective PPD treatments like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are not always accessible or acceptable.
  • The role of SSRI medication in the mother-infant relationship requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of SSRI medication on the mother-infant relationship in women with PPD.
  • To compare relationship quality between mothers with PPD on SSRIs, mothers with PPD not on SSRIs, and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 67 mothers (25 healthy controls, 25 PPD without SSRIs, 17 PPD with SSRIs) when infants were 2-6 months old.
  • Data collected included self-report measures (depression, stress, bonding) and observational measures of mother-infant interaction and salivary oxytocin.
  • Assessments were conducted at two 3-month intervals.

Main Results:

  • Depression symptoms decreased in both PPD groups, but the SSRI group reported greater improvements in relationship quality.
  • Observed maternal sensitivity and dyadic interaction quality were high across all groups.
  • Infants of mothers with PPD did not show expected gains in observed social engagement.

Conclusions:

  • SSRI use is associated with improved perceived mother-infant relationship quality, independent of depression symptom reduction.
  • Maternal depression may have lingering effects on infant social development.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term impacts on child development.