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Risk of peripheral vestibular disorders and hearing impairment among users of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor

Jing-Yang Huang1,2,3, Yen-Ting Lu4,5,6, Chung-Han Hsin4,5

  • 1Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

International Journal of Medical Sciences
|April 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) use was associated with increased risks of peripheral vestibular disorders, dizziness, and hearing impairment. This study highlights potential inner ear side effects in patients using GLP-1 RAs.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are effective antidiabetic medications.
  • Metabolic and glycemic control can impact inner ear conditions like vestibular disorders and hearing impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between GLP-1 RA use and the incidence of peripheral vestibular disorders, dizziness, and hearing impairment.
  • To compare these inner ear outcomes between GLP-1 RA users and non-users.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study design.
  • Propensity score matching to create comparable groups of GLP-1 RA users and non-users (342,046 participants each).
  • Cox proportional hazards regression models to analyze outcome incidences.

Main Results:

  • GLP-1 RA users showed significantly higher incidences of peripheral vestibular disorders (4,407 vs. 3,946 cases), dizziness (32,545 vs. 29,931), and hearing impairment (9,522 vs. 7,898).
  • P < 0.001 for all primary outcomes, indicating statistical significance.
  • Cumulative incidence analyses confirmed elevated risks for all three conditions in the GLP-1 RA group.

Conclusions:

  • GLP-1 RA use is linked to a higher incidence of peripheral vestibular disorders, dizziness, and hearing impairment.
  • These findings suggest potential otologic side effects associated with GLP-1 RA therapy, particularly in the white population.
Keywords:
epidemiologyglucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistshearing impairmentperipheral vestibular disordertype 2 diabetes mellitus

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