Advances in the application of multi-omics in tumor immunotherapy

As a pivotal therapeutic approach following surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized survival outcomes for cancer patients, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrating remarkable efficacy in clinical practice. However, challenges such as Immunotherapy resistance and significant individual variability in response persist, underscoring the critical need for precise tumor assessment and identification of benefit populations to achieve precision and personalization in immunotherapy. Multi-omics technologies, by integrating multidimensional data from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and radiomics, enable comprehensive analysis of tumor development mechanisms, tumor microenvironment characteristics, and immunotherapy response patterns at molecular, cellular, tissue, and systemic levels. This review systematically examines the current applications, clinical value, and future prospects of multi-omics in tumor immunotherapy, with a focus on the development and utilization of radiomics in immunotherapy efficacy evaluation and prognostic prediction, thereby providing theoretical foundations and technical support for the precise implementation of tumor immunotherapy.